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Diabetes
 
Diabetes currently affects 246 million people worldwide and is expected to affect 380 million by 2025. There are currently hundreds of thousands people with diabetes in the Cameroon   and there are many more people with diabetes who have the condition and don't know it.
 
There are 2 primary types of diabetes:
 
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the beta cells in the pancreas that create insulin are destroyed by the Immune system. This causes the body to make little or no insulin of its own. People affected by type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily. Type 1 diabetes is sometimes called insulin-dependent diabetes.
 
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not make enough insulin, or the body cannot properly use the insulin it creates. Eventually, the pancreas may stop producing insulin altogether. Type 2 diabetes can affect people at any age. The more overweight a man or woman is, the greater the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Controlling Diabetes
Controlling your blood glucose is very important part of managing diabetes. Regularly testing your blood glucose helps measure the effectiveness of your dietary planning, exercise and medication.
 
 
Test your Blood Sugar Level
Blood sugar testing is an essential way of keeping an eye on what’s going on and an important tool for managing your diabetes.
 
The blood sugar level is the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood. It is also known as plasma glucose level. It is expressed as millimoles per liter (mmol/l).
 
Normally blood glucose levels stay within narrow limits throughout the day: 4 to 8mmol/l. But they are higher after meals and usually lowest in the morning.
 
In diabetes the blood sugar level moves outside these limits until treated. Even with good control of diabetes, the blood sugar level will still at times drift outside this normal range.
 

Taking a few important steps today may greatly reduce your risk of diabetes-related diseases. 
Why Test Your Blood Sugar Level?
When very high levels of blood glucose are present for years, it leads to damage of the small blood vessels.This in turn increases your risk of developing late-stage diabetes complications including:
 
  • Retinopathy: the most common eye disease in people with diabetes is caused by damage to the blood vessels of the retina. In some cases, these vessels may swell and leak fluid. This is called nonproliferative retinopathy.
 
  • Cataracts: cloud the lens of the eye. They are often an early complication of diabetes. An annual eye examination can help detect cataracts before they become severe.
 
  • Glaucoma is an increased pressure in the fluid inside the eye which can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. Glaucoma is more common in people with type 2 diabetes.
 
Any of these diseases can lead to blindness over time.
 
  • Nephropathy (kidney disease)
 
  • Neuropathy (nerve disease)
 
  • Cardiovascular disease, such as heart attack, hypertension, heart failure, stroke and problems caused by poor circulation, e.g. gangrene in the worst cases.
 
Early detection is the key to avoiding or lessening the risk of these diseases.

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